No rates here, deliberately. Withholding rates and treaty positions change with each finance act and turn on facts about a specific taxpayer. Everything else in this product carries a source and a date; there is no honest way to do that for a treaty position, so this tool settles the structure and hands you the questions to price with counsel.

Where does the operation actually trade?

Where invoices are raised and staff sit — not where you hope to be.

One country All revenue and staff in a single market. Two or three markets Typically a corridor: origin, transit, destination. Four or more, or beyond the EAC A regional business in substance, not just ambition.

Who is putting money in?

Present investors and the ones you are actively raising from.

Founders only Self-funded or family money. Local co-investors Angels or partners resident in the same market. Foreign private investors Individuals or companies outside the operating country. DFI or institutional fund Development finance, private equity, or a venture fund.

What does the business own?

Ownership, not use. Leased assets belong to whoever owns them.

Very little Forwarding, agency or brokerage — people and systems. Vehicles or equipment Trucks, trailers, handling equipment, reefers. Land or buildings A yard, a warehouse, a depot — owned or on a long lease.

What is meant to happen in five to seven years?

The honest answer, including "no idea".

Keep running it No sale contemplated. Raise a larger round Institutional capital at a later stage. Sell to a trade buyer A larger operator or a logistics group. Bring in a partner per market Local shareholders in individual countries.

Would entities charge each other?

Management fees, shared systems, one entity clearing for another.

No, or not yet Each entity stands alone commercially. Yes Services, licences or cost recharges cross a border.